System and method for using pre-equilibrium ballistic charge carrier refraction

An apparatus, comprising:

• one or more solid-state electric generators, the solid-state electric generators including at least one thermally energized solid-state electric generators;
• wherein the one or more solid-state electric generators include,
• a first region of a solid-state junction, the first region including a first material having a first charge carrier effective mass;
• a second material of the solid-state junction, the second material having a second charge carrier effective mass greater than the first charge carrier effective mass, wherein a charge carrier effective mass ratio between the second charge carrier effective mass and the first charge carrier effective mass is greater than or equal to two;
• one or more third materials in the first region electrically in contact with the first material and not in contact with the second material;
• a heat source in thermal contact with the one or more third materials;
• and
• a heat sink connected to the second material, the heat sink having a heat sink temperature higher than an ambient temperature;
• wherein the one or more solid-state electric generators are configured to energize a charge carrier in the first material, to have an effective carrier temperature higher than a second material temperature of the second material;
• wherein the first material permits ballistic transport of the charge carrier through the first material and into the second material.