Method of formulating a fuel composition for use in internal-combustion engines
OwnerWilliam H. Klausmeierinventor
Life of this patent
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Abstract
A method of formulating a fuel composition for use in internal-combustion engines includes the step of providing a fuel. In addition, there is the step of forming the fuel composition by adding to the fuel a polar fluid and an emulsifier. The emulsifier is present in an amount effective for the biodiesel fuel, alcohol, water, and emulsifier to form an emulsion. The emulsifier includes an active surfactant mixture of oleic acid and ammonium oleate, wherein the ratio of oleic acid to ammonium oleate is no more than 60:40.
Claims43
A method of formulating a fuel composition for use in internal-combustion engines, the method comprising:
- providing a fuel;
- and
- forming the fuel composition by adding to the fuel a polar fluid and an emulsifier, the emulsifier being present in an amount effective for the biodiesel fuel, alcohol, water, and emulsifier to form an emulsion, and wherein the emulsifier includes an active surfactant mixture of oleic acid and ammonium oleate, wherein the ratio of oleic acid to ammonium oleate is no more than 60:40.
A method involving forming a polyol fatty acid ester, the method comprising:
- providing a polyol having at least three reactive alcohol groups;
- selecting a fatty acid;
- protecting all but a preselected one of the reactive alcohol groups on the polyol by reacting all but the preselected one of the reactive alcohol groups with protecting groups, wherein a single protecting group may protect one or more reactive alcohol groups;
- linking the fatty acid to the polyol through an ester linkage by reacting the fatty acid with the preselected one of the reactive alcohol groups;
- and
- forming the polyol fatty acid ester by removing the protecting groups;
- wherein each of the steps is performed under conditions that would tend not to substantially reduce an unsaturated fatty acid.
A method involving forming a polyol fatty acid ester, the method comprising:
- providing a polyol having at least three reactive alcohol groups;
- selecting a fatty acid chloride;
- protecting all but a preselected one of the reactive alcohol groups on the polyol by reacting all but the preselected one of the reactive alcohol groups with protecting groups, wherein a single protecting group may protect one or more reactive alcohol groups;
- linking the fatty acid chloride to the polyol through an ester linkage by reacting the fatty acid with the preselected one of the reactive alcohol groups in the presence of an acid scavenger;
- and
- forming the polyol fatty acid ester by removing the protecting groups;
- wherein each of the steps is performed under conditions that would tend not to substantially reduce an unsaturated fatty acid.
A method involving separating monoglycerides from a mixture containing monoglycerides and multiglycerides, the method comprising:
- providing a mixture of monoglycerides and multiglycerides;
- selecting an extraction fluid having a nonpolar component and a polar component that includes aqueous ethanol;
- preferentially associating the monoglycerides with the polar component and the multiglycerides with the nonpolar component by contacting the mixture with the extraction fluid;
- and
- at least partially separating the monoglycerides from the multiglycerides by separating the polar component from the nonpolar component.
A method involving separating polyol monoesters from a mixture of polyol monoesters and polyol multi-esters, the polyol including at least a four-carbon chain, the method comprising:
- providing a mixture of polyol monoesters and polyol multi-esters;
- selecting an extraction fluid having a nonpolar component and a polar component;
- preferentially associating the polyol monoesters with the polar component and the polyol multi-esters with the nonpolar component by contacting the mixture with the extraction fluid;
- and
- at least partially separating the polyol monoesters from the polyol multi-esters by separating the polar component from the nonpolar component.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.