Method and apparatus for sensing, measurement or characterization of display elements integrated with the display drive scheme, and system and applications using the same

An apparatus, comprising:

• drive circuitry configured to apply a signal between a first electrode and a second electrode of a display element, wherein the signal is at a level which results in the display element being in a first of a plurality of display states;
• feedback circuitry configured to measure an electrical response of the display element in response to the applied signal;
• and
• a processor configured control the drive circuitry, receive information indicative of the measured electrical response, identify an error in operation of the display element based upon the measured electrical response, and adjust the drive signal of the display element in response to the identified error.

A display device comprising:

• an array of interferometric modulators;
• drive circuitry configured to apply a signal between a first electrode and a second electrode of a display element, wherein the signal is at a level that results in the display element being in a first of a plurality of display states;
• feedback circuitry configured to measure an electrical response of the display element in response to the applied drive voltage;
• a processor configured control the drive circuitry, receive information indicative of the measured electrical response, identify an error in operation of the display element based upon the measured electrical response, and adjust the signal in response to the identified error;
• and
• a memory device configured to communicate with the processor.