Catalyst laser

A laser comprising:

• a plasma forming cell or reactor;
• a source of atomic hydrogen in communication with the cell or reactor;
• a source of catalyst in communication with the cell or reactor for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to lower-energy hydrogen, wherein during operation of the cell or reactor a continuous stationary inverted population of at least one state of the catalyst of a species of catalyst is formed;
• and
• a means to form and output a laser beam.

A laser comprising:

• a plasma forming cell or reactor for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen producing power, a continuous stationary inverted population of at least one state of the catalyst or a species formed from the catalyst and novel hydrogen species and compositions of matter comprising new forms of hydrogen,
• a source of catalyst,
• a source of atomic hydrogen,
• a controller to cause atomic hydrogen to react with atomic hydrogen to form lower-energy states given by
• E
• n
• =
• 
• -
• 
• 2
• n
• 2
• 
• 8
• 
• 
• π
• 
• 
• ɛ
• o
• 
• a
• H
• =
• 
• -
• 13.598
• 
• 
• eV
• n
• 2
• and
• H
• 2
• 
• (
• 1
• /
• p
• )
• n
• =
• 1
• 2
• ,
• 1
• 3
• ,
• 1
• 4
• ,
• …
• 
• ,
• 1
• p
• ;
• p
• ≤
• 137
• ,
• and
• a means to form and output a laser beam.

A catalytic reaction with hydrino catalysts for the transition of

• H
• 
• [
• a
• H
• p
• ]
• 
• 
• to
• 
• 
• H
• 
• [
• a
• H
• p
• +
• m
• ]
• induced by a multipole resonance transfer of m·27.21 eV and a transfer of [(p′)2−(p′−m′)2]×13.6 eV−m·27.2 eV with a resonance state of
• H
• 
• [
• a
• H
• p
• ′
• -
• m
• ′
• ]
• excited in
• H
• 
• [
• a
• H
• p
• ′
• ]
• 
• is represented by
• H
• 
• ⌊
• a
• H
• p
• ′
• ⌋
• +
• H
• 
• ⌊
• a
• H
• p
• ⌋
• →
• 
• H
• 
• [
• a
• H
• p
• ′
• -
• m
• ′
• ]
• +
• H
• 
• [
• a
• H
• p
• +
• m
• ]
• +
• [
• (
• (
• p
• +
• m
• )
• 2
• -
• p
• 2
• )
• -
• (
• p
• ′2
• -
• (
• p
• ′
• -
• m
• ′
• )
• 2
• )
• ]
• ×
• 13.6
• 
• 
• eV
• where p, p′, m, and m′ are integers.

The catalytic reaction with hydrino catalysts wherein a hydrino atom with the initial lower-energy state quantum number p and radius

• a
• H
• p
• may undergo a transition to the state with lower-energy state quantum number (p+m) and radius
• a
• H
• (
• p
• +
• m
• )
• by reaction with a hydrino atom with the initial lower-energy state quantum number m′, initial radius
• a
• H
• m
• ′
• ,
• and final radius aH that provides a net enthalpy of m·27.2±0.5 eV where m is an integer or m/2·27.2±0.5 eV where m is an integer greater than one.

A laser source comprising:

• a plasma forming cell or reactor;
• a source of atomic hydrogen in communication with the cell or reactor;
• a source of catalyst in communication with the cell or reactor for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to lower-energy hydrogen, wherein during operation of the cell or reactor a continuous stationary inverted population of at least one state of the catalyst of a species of catalyst is formed;
• a controller to cause atomic hydrogen to react with atomic hydrogen to form lower-energy states given by
• E
• n
• =
• -
• e
• 2
• n
• 2
• 
• 8
• 
• 
• π
• 
• 
• ɛ
• 0
• 
• a
• H
• =
• -
• 13.598
• 
• 
• eV
• n
• 2
• and
• H
• 2
• 
• (
• 1
• /
• p
• )
• n
• =
• 1
• 2
• ,
• 1
• 3
• ,
• 1
• 4
• ,
• …
• 
• ,
• 1
• p
• ;
• p≦137 during operation of the cell or reactor;
• and
• a means to form and output a laser beam.

A laser comprising:

• a plasma forming cell or reactor;
• a source of atomic hydrogen in communication with the cell or reactor;
• a source of catalyst in communication with the cell or reactor for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to lower-energy hydrogen, wherein during operation of the cell or reactor a continuous stationary inverted population of at least one state of the catalyst of a species of catalyst is formed;
• a controller constructed and arranged to cause atomic hydrogen to react with atomic hydrogen to cause EUV emission lines with energies of q·13.6 eV where q is an integer during operation of the cell or reactor, and
• a mean to form and output a laser beam.

A method of making laser light or light comprising:

• providing a cavity;
• providing a source of hydrogen to the cavity;
• providing a catalyst to the cavity;
• providing power to initiate formation of hydrogen atoms from the source of hydrogen and initiate a reaction between the hydrogen atoms and the catalyst to form lower-energy hydrogen having a binding energy given by
• Binding
• 
• 
• Energy
• =
• 13.6
• 
• 
• eV
• (
• 1
• p
• )
• 2
• where p is an integer greater than 1, preferably from 2 to 200, wherein during the reaction to form lower-energy hydrogen an inverted state in the catalyst or a species formed from the catalyst is formed;
• and
• forming laser light or light from the inverted population.

A method of making laser light comprising:

• reacting hydrogen atoms with a catalyst for forming lower-energy hydrogen;
• forming an inverted population of catalyst or species formed from the catalyst;
• and
• forming laser light or light from the inverted population.

A light source comprising:

• a cavity;
• a source of atomic hydrogen in communication with the cavity;
• a source of catalyst for catalyzing the reaction of hydrogen to lower-energy hydrogen in communication with the cavity, wherein the catalyst is selected such that during operation of the laser or light source the catalyst or a species formed from the catalyst forms an inverted population during reaction with hydrogen-atoms to form lower-energy atoms;
• and a power source to initiate formation of hydrogen atoms from the source of hydrogen in the cavity.