Single crystal and quasi-single crystal, composition, apparatus, and associated method

A composition for forming a crystal, comprising:

• a source material comprising a Group III element, and
• a flux material comprising one or more of P, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Pd, Ag, Hf, Ta, W, Pt, Au, Hg, Ge, or Sb;
• or a rare earth metal.

A single crystal or quasi-single crystal, comprising:

• a salt comprising one or more of gallium nitride, indium nitride, aluminum nitride, gallium indium nitride, gallium aluminum nitride, indium aluminum nitride, or aluminum indium gallium nitride;
• and
• an impurity comprising one or more element selected from the group consisting of Group IA, Group IIA, Groups IIIB to VIIB, Group VIII, Group IB, Group IIB, and Group VIIA of the periodic table of elements, wherein the impurity is present in a predetermined amount.