Microfluidic electrochemical reactors

An electrochemical reactor, comprising:

• an electrode;
• and
• at least two microfluidic channels on the electrode, the microfluidic channels including
• a top membrane comprising a gas permeable polymer, the membrane having a thickness from 1 micron to 2 millimeters;
• side walls extending between the electrode and the membrane;
• a distance between the electrode and the membrane less than 500 microns;
• a distance between the side walls from 1 micron to 1 millimeter;
• and
• a separation between the channels from 1 micron to 1 millimeter.

A method of making a microfluidic electrochemical reactor, comprising:

• forming a gas permeable polymer layer comprising a first side and a second side, the first side defining interconnected channels and the second side comprising a membrane covering the interconnected channels;
• and
• contacting the first side of the gas permeable polymer layer with a substrate and an electrode on the substrate;
• wherein the channels, the portions of the electrode and substrate that are exposed to the channels, and the membrane covering the channels form a microfluidic network.