Ionic compound consisting of an amide or salts thereof, comprising an anionic part associated with at least one cationic part M+m in sufficient number to ensure an electronic neutrality thereto, characterized in that M is a hydroxonium, a nitrosonium NO+, an ammonium —NH4+, a metallic cation having a valency m, an organic cation having a valency m or an organo-metallic cation having a valency m, an organic cation having a valency m or an organo-metallic cation having a valency m and in that the anionic part corresponds to the formula RF—SOx—N−Z in which:
- the group —S(O)x represents a sulfonic group —SO2— or a sulfinyl group —SO—;
- RF is a halogen or a perhalogenated alkyl, alkylaryl, oxa-alkyl, aza-alkyl or thia-alkyl radical, or a radical corresponding to one of the formulae RACF2—, RACF2CF2—, RACF2CF(CF3)— or CF3C(RA)F— in which RA— represents a non-perhalogenated organic radical;
- Z represents an electro-attractor radical having a Hammett parameter at least equal to that of a phenyl radical, selected from:
- j) —CN, —NO2, —SCN, —N3, —CF3, R′FCH2— (R′F being a perflourinated radical), flouroalkyloxy, flouroalkylthioxy radical,
- jj) radicals comprising one or more aromatic nuclei possibly containing at least one hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur or phosphorus atom, said nuclei possibly being condensed nuclei and/or said nuclei possibly carrying at least one substituent selected from halogens, —CN, —NO2, —SCN, —N3, —CF3, CF3CH2—, CF2═CF—O—, CF2═CF—S—, perflouroalkyl groups, flouroalkyloxy groups, flouroalkylthioxy groups, alkyl, alkenyl, oxa-alkyl, oxa-alkenyl, aza-alkyl, aza-alkenyl, thia-alkyl, thia-alkenyl radicals, polymer radicals, radicals having at least one cationic ionophoric group and/or at least one anionic ionophoric group;
- with the proviso that a substituent Z may be a monovalent radical, part of a multivalent radical carrying a plurality of groups RF—S(O), —N—, or a polymer segment;
- or
- Z is a radical RD—Y— in which Y is a sulfonyl, sulfinyl or phosphonyl group and RD is a radical selected from the group consisting of:
- a) alkyl or alkenyl radicals, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl or alkenylaryl radicals, alicyclic or heterocyclic radicals, including polycyclic radicals;
- b) alkyl or alkenyl radicals comprising at least one functional ether, thioether, amine, imine, carboxyl, carbonyl, hydroxy, silyl, isocyanate or thioisocyanate group;
- c) aryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, alkylaryl or alkenylaryl radicals, in which the aromatic nuclei and/or at least one substituent of the nucleus comprises heteroatoms such as nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur;
- d) radicals comprising condensed aromatic cycles which possibly comprise at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur;
- e) halogenated alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl or alkenylaryl radicals in which the number of carbon atoms carrying at least one halogen is at least equal to the number of non-halogenated carbon atoms, the carbon in a position of group Y not being halogenated when Y is —SO2—, said radicals possibly comprising functional ether, thioether, amine, imine, carboxyl, carbonyl, hydroxy, silyl, isocyanate or thioisocyanate groups;
- f) radicals RCC(R′)(R″)—O— in which RC is an alkyl perfluorinated radical and R′ and R″ are independently from one another, an hydrogen atom or a radical as defined in a), b), c) or d) above;
- g) radicals (RB)2N—, in which the RB, identical or different, are such as defined in a), b), c), d) or e) above, one of the RB may be a hydrogen atom, or the two radicals RB together form a bivalent radical which forms a cycle with N;
- h) radicals consisting of a polymer chain;
- i) radicals having one or more cationic ionophoric groups and/or one or more anionic ionophoric groups;
- with the proviso that a substituent RD may be a monovalent radical, part of a multivalent radical carrying a plurality of groups RF—S(O)x—N—Y—, or a segment of a polymer;
- with the proviso that, when Y is a sulfonyl or a carbonyl, and RD is a radical such as defined in a), RF is RACF2—, RACF2CF2—, RACF2CF(CF3)—, CF3C(RA)F— or a perhaloalkyl radical having 1 to 2 carbon atoms.