Binary liquid crystal phase shifter including phase shift regions that are selectively turned on or off by biasing electrodes

A liquid-crystal-based binary phase shifter, comprising:

• an upper substrate;
• and
• a lower substrate combined with the upper substrate;
• a spacer disposed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate and having a liquid crystal cell gap therebetween, a liquid crystal being inserted into the liquid crystal cell gap of the spacer;
• metal vias provided at either side of the upper substrate;
• transmission lines provided at either side of the upper substrate and placed between the metal vias;
• and
• a metal ground plane provided at a central portion of the upper substrate and placed between the metal vias, wherein the metal ground plane including a plurality of phase shift regions separated from each other by interdigitation lines;
• a plurality of bias electrodes selectively connected to each of the plurality of phase shift regions and configure to selectively apply a bias voltage to each of the plurality of phase shift regions;
• a phase shift meander line provided on the metal ground plane,
• wherein phase shift is achieved by selectively turning on or off the bias electrodes of corresponding regions.