Formation of lithium fluoride rich protective electrode layers using roller and static pressing

A method comprising:

• providing at least one lithium foil at a pressing machine, wherein the pressing machine comprises a plurality of pressing devices;
• pressing the at least one lithium foil via at least one of the plurality of pressing devices to form a protective layer, the at least one of the plurality of pressing devices comprising a surface having a fluoropolymer material, and the fluoropolymer material reacting with a portion of the at least one lithium foil to form the protective layer comprising lithium fluoride;
• selecting a thickness;
• selecting a concentration level of fluoride;
• controlling at least one of a plurality of actuators to adjust a first parameter to control a thickness of the protective layer and fluoride content of the protective layer such that the protective layer, subsequent to the pressing by the plurality of pressing devices, has the selected thickness and the selected concentration level of fluoride;
• controlling the plurality of actuators to adjust a plurality of parameters such that the protective layer, subsequent to the pressing of the plurality of pressing devices, has 20-70at % fluoride content, wherein the plurality of parameters comprise the first parameter to control the thickness of the protective layer and the fluoride content of the protective layer;
• and
• laminating the at least one lithium foil on a current collector to form an electrode for a battery cell.