Computer-implemented method for deciding whether a random number is larger or smaller than a given threshold

A method comprising:

• representing a random number as a first sequence of bits and representing a threshold as a second sequence of bits;
• comparing, by a comparator, the first sequence of bits representing the random number with the second sequence of bits representing the threshold on a bit-wise basis, wherein the comparing comprises comparing a most significant bit of the first sequence of bits representing the random number with a most significant sequence of the second sequence of bits representing the threshold, and
• determining the first sequence of bits and the most significant sequence of the second sequence of bits are not equal, and deciding that the random number is larger or smaller than the threshold, or
• determining the first sequence of bits and the most significant sequence of the second sequence of bits are equal, repeatedly comparing an immediately following bit in the first sequence of bits representing the random number with an immediately following bit in the second sequence of bits representing the threshold until a first bit that is not equal in the first sequence of bits representing the random number and the second sequence of bits representing the threshold is reached or until all bits have been compared and found to be equal;
• and
• generating the random number using an algorithmic random number generator or a physical random number generator;
• wherein the random number is generated on a bit-wise basis comprising generating a first bit of the random number and, after that, generating a second bit of the random number, wherein the first bit is more significant than the second bit;
• wherein, after the first bit has been generated and before the second bit is generated, the first bit is compared to a correspondingly significant bit of the threshold;
• wherein the second bit is generated if it is determined that the first bit is larger than or equal to the correspondingly significant bit of the threshold or the second bit is generated if it is determined that the first bit is smaller than or equal to the correspondingly significant bit of the threshold;
• wherein it is determined that the random number will be smaller than or equal to the threshold, and the generation of the random number is aborted and a new random number is generated;
• or
• wherein it is determined that the random number will be larger than or equal to the threshold, and the generation of the random number is aborted and a new random number is generated.

A tangible, non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processing devices comprising a comparator, cause the one or more processing devices to:

• generate, at a random number generator, a random number;
• and
• output the random number;
• wherein generating the random number comprises:
• represent a random number as a first sequence of bits and represent a threshold as a second sequence of bits;
• and
• comparing, by the comparator, the first sequence of bits representing the random number with the second sequence of bits representing the threshold on a bit-wise basis, wherein the comparing comprises comparing a most significant bit of the first sequence of bits representing the random number with a most significant sequence of the second sequence of bits representing the threshold, and
• determine the first sequence of bits and the most significant sequence of the second sequence of bits are not equal, and decide that the random number is larger or smaller than the threshold, or
• determine the first sequence of bits and the most significant sequence of the second sequence of bits are equal, repeatedly compare an immediately following bit in the first sequence of bits representing the random number with an immediately following bit in the second sequence of bits representing the threshold until a first bit that is not equal in the first sequence of bits representing the random number and a first sequence in the second sequence of bits representing the threshold is reached or until all bits have been compared and found to be equal,
• wherein the comparing is performed concurrently with the generation of the random number.

A computing system comprising a processor and a comparator, wherein the processor is configured to:

• generate, at a random number generator, a random number;
• and
• output the random number;
• wherein generating the random number comprises:
• represent a random number as a first sequence of bits and represent a threshold as a second sequence of bits;
• compare, by the comparator, the first sequence of bits representing the random number with the second sequence of bits representing the threshold on a bit-wise basis, wherein the comparing comprises comparing a most significant bit of the first sequence of bits representing the random number with a most significant sequence of the second sequence of bits representing the threshold, and
• determine the first sequence of bits and the most significant sequence of the second sequence of bits are not equal, and deciding that the random number is larger or smaller than the threshold, or
• determine the first sequence of bits and the most significant sequence of the second sequence of bits are equal, repeatedly comparing an immediately following bit in the first sequence of bits representing the random number with an immediately following bit in the second sequence of bits representing the threshold until a first bit that is not equal in the first sequence of bits representing the random number and a first sequence in the second sequence of bits representing the threshold is reached or until all bits have been compared and found to be equal,
• wherein the comparing is performed concurrently with the generation of the random number.