Implantable artificial bronchus

An implantable artificial bronchus, comprising:

• a body having a proximal upper opening and a distal lower opening in fluid communication with the proximal upper opening, the proximal upper opening tapering towards a central axis of the body, and the body constantly tapering from a portion proximate the proximal upper opening toward a portion proximate the distal lower opening, and having a plurality of side openings configured to allow air to enter into and exit the implantable artificial bronchus through the body, the body comprising:
• a proximal portion being tapered toward a central axis of the body;
• a first middle portion having a first middle taper;
• a second middle portion having a second middle taper larger than the first middle taper;
• and
• a distal portion having a constant distal diameter, wherein the first middle portion and the second middle portion are disposed between the proximal portion and the distal portion;
• wherein a diameter of the proximal upper opening is at least twice as large as a diameter of distal lower opening, and the diameter of the proximal upper opening is less than a maximum diameter of the body, the maximum diameter of the body being proximate the proximal upper opening, and
• wherein in an implanted state the body is configured to curve in a first radial direction along a first length of the body and a second radial direction opposite the first radial direction along a second length of the body.