Smart surgical instruments

A smart instrument for correcting a spinal deformity comprising:

• an elongate handle at a proximal end of the smart instrument;
• a driver assembly at a distal end of the smart instrument and configured to apply torque to an implant during a surgical procedure, the driver assembly including a driver shaft with a distal tip configured to engage with the implant, a proximal connection end, and an elongate handle arranged between the distal tip and the proximal connection end,
• a force-sensing adapter assembly arranged between the handle and the driver assembly and configured to sense and measure torque and compression loads in real-time during the surgical procedure, the force-sensing adapter assembly including a proximal end with an attachment interface and a distal female connection end, the proximal end comprising a shaft defining the attachment interface including a geometry shaped to correspondingly mate by quick connection to the handle, the distal female connection end including a collar defining a central bore dimensioned to fit a sleeve and a collet and a driver shaft housing configured to receive the proximal connection end of the driver shaft, wherein the driver shaft housing and the proximal connection end of the driver shaft include corresponding mating geometries which allows the force-sensing adapter assembly to exert a torque or compression on the driver shaft when the instrument is in use, wherein the collet includes ball bearings and exterior threads which thread into corresponding threads within the bore of the collar, wherein the collet is configured to translate axially relative to the sleeve, wherein when in a locked position, the sleeve is translated proximally such that the ball bearings partially protrude into an inner diameter of the collet, and when in an unlocked position, the sleeve is translated distally such that the ball bearings retract into the collet, and an enclosure housing a load cell having one or more sensors configured to accurately measure force without permanent deformation, and a printed circuit board assembly electronically connected to the load cell and configured to wirelessly transmit signals, wherein the load cell includes a torque sensing portion and a compression sensing portion;
• and
• a battery cartridge receivable in the enclosure of the force-sensing adapter assembly to power the force-sensing adapter assembly, the battery cartridge comprising two enclosure halves housing a coin-cell battery, two metal blades, two contact pads, and two assembly screws, wherein the two metal blades independently encase with mating metal contacts on the force-sensing adapter assembly allowing the battery to power the printed circuit board assembly.

A smart instrument system for actively measuring patient specific spinal alignment intraoperatively comprising:

• at least one single use, disposable smart instrument configured to sense and measure intraoperative real-time spinal alignment data wirelessly during a surgical procedure, each smart instrument comprising a housing containing an inertial measurement unit, a microcontroller, a wireless communication module, and a battery, the inertial measurement unit including an accelerometer, a gyroscope, and a magnetometer that captures data related to movement, rotation, and orientation and provides nine degrees of freedom by measuring acceleration, angular velocity, and magnetic field data in a three-dimensional space;
• each smart instrument being directly attached to a patient fixation device for rigidly securing the respective smart instrument to a spine of a patient, wherein the patient fixation device is a bone clamp or a lamina plate with screws configured to be rigidly attached to the patient's spine;
• and
• a robot system configured to wirelessly receive data transmitted from the at least one smart instrument, wherein the real-time data is communicated to a user on a viewing device to provide guidance to the user during the surgical procedure so that any change in position and/or orientation of the spine during alignment thereof can be measured and communicated to the user by the robot system thereby providing data on the alignment of the spine intraoperatively, and wherein the system is configured to use the data of the at least one smart instrument and its starting location with respect to the patient's anatomy to continuously calculate and display the spinal alignment of the patient during the surgical procedure.