Stackable actuating element with profiled insulated electrode structures

A stacked structure formed of at least two active element (AE) layers, comprising:

• a first substrate;
• a first conductive surface totally formed on the first substrate and comprising a first active region and a first connecting region;
• a second substrate;
• a second conductive surface totally formed on the second substrate and comprising a second active region and a second connecting region;
• a compression space between the first active region of the first conductive surface and the second substrate;
• an elastic layer formed on the first active region of the first conductive surface or on an exposed surface of the second substrate, the elastic layer comprising a plurality of elastic nodules spanning the compression space and contacting the second substrate, the plurality of elastic nodules configured to be compressed by relative movement of the first conductive surface and the second conductive surfaces toward each other in response to a voltage difference between the first conductive surface and the second conductive surface, or in response to an external force;
• and
• a first solid binding edge formed at one side of the first active region of the first conductive surface and the second conductive surface, and coupled to the first active region of the first conductive surface and the second substrate with non-conductive adhesive.