Methods and systems for modulating energy usage

A non-transitory computer-implemented method of modulating energy consumption by a water provision system installed in a building structure, the water provision system comprising a heat pump configured to transfer thermal energy from outside the building structure to a thermal energy storage medium inside the building structure and a control module configured to control operation of the water provision system, the water provision system being configured to provide water heated by the thermal energy storage medium to one or more water outlets and further configured to supply heated water to a central heating system configured to raise an indoor temperature of the building structure, the non-transitory computer-implemented method being performed by the control module and comprising:

• determining a level of energy demands of a geographical region comprising the building structure;
• and
• upon determining that the level of energy demands is low, operating the heat pump to store thermal energy in the thermal energy storage medium, and operating the water provision system to supply heated water to the central heating system using thermal energy stored in the thermal energy storage medium so as to heat the building structure, whereby the building structure is usable as a thermal energy buffer in addition to, or as an alternative to, the thermal energy storage medium;
• or
• upon determining that the level of energy demands is high, extracting thermal energy stored in the building structure as a result of raising the indoor temperature of the building structure.