Systems, devices, and associated methods for neuromodulation with enhanced nerve targeting

A system comprising:

• a controller configured to:
• obtain impedance measurements for a plurality of electrode groups, wherein each electrode group of the plurality of electrode groups includes a neuromodulation electrode of a plurality of neuromodulation electrodes of a catheter and a reference electrode of a plurality of reference electrodes, and wherein the impedance measurements are obtained between each reference electrode of the plurality of reference electrodes and at least two neuromodulation electrodes of the plurality of neuromodulation electrodes of the catheter;
• create an impedance map of an anatomical environment at or near a target site based on the impedance measurements, wherein the impedance map indicates effects of the anatomical environment on an electric field induced by the plurality of electrode groups;
• and
• select, based on the impedance map, at least one electrode group for subsequent delivery of neuromodulation energy to the target site by at least one of:
• comparing each impedance measurement of the impedance measurements to at least one reference impedance value and selecting the at least one electrode group for which the impedance measurement exceeds the at least one reference impedance value, or
• comparing each impedance measurement of the impedance measurements to at least one other impedance measurement of the impedance measurements and selecting the at least one electrode group for which the impedance measurement exceeds the at least one other impedance measurement.

A method comprising:

• obtaining, by a controller, impedance measurements for a plurality of electrode groups, wherein each electrode group of the plurality of electrode groups includes a neuromodulation electrode of a plurality of neuromodulation electrodes of a catheter and a reference electrode of a plurality of reference electrodes, and wherein the impedance measurements are obtained between:
• each neuromodulation electrode of the plurality of neuromodulation electrodes of the catheter and at least two reference electrodes of the plurality of reference electrodes;
• or
• each reference electrode of the plurality of reference electrodes and at least two neuromodulation electrodes of the plurality of neuromodulation electrodes;
• creating, by the controller, an impedance map of an anatomical environment near a target site based on the impedance measurements, wherein the impedance map indicates effects of the anatomical environment on an electric field induced by the plurality of electrode groups;
• and
• selecting, by the controller and based on the impedance map, at least one electrode group for subsequent delivery of neuromodulation energy to the target site by at least one of:
• comparing each impedance measurement of the impedance measurements to at least one reference impedance value and selecting the at least one electrode group for which the impedance measurement exceeds the at least one reference impedance value, or
• comparing each impedance measurement of the impedance measurements to at least one other impedance measurement of the impedance measurements and selecting the at least one electrode group for which the impedance measurement exceeds the at least one other impedance measurement.