CMOS-based low-power, low-noise potentiostat circuit and its integration with an ENFM-based glucose sensor

A method for forming a glucose sensor, comprising:

• providing a silicon chip comprising an integrated potentiostat circuit, wherein the potentiostat circuit comprises a voltage control unit and a transimpedance amplifier;
• and
• forming a nanofibrous-membrane-based glucose sensor on the silicon chip, comprising:
• forming a working electrode, a reference electrode, and a counter electrode on the silicon chip, wherein the working electrode comprises a nanofibrous-membrane comprising glucose oxidase bound to nanofibers;
• and
• coupling the potentiostat circuit to the glucose sensor on a single chip, wherein:
• the voltage control unit controls a voltage difference between the working electrode and the reference electrode;
• and
• the transimpedance amplifier measures a current flow between the working electrode and the counter electrode, wherein a strength of the current flow corresponds to an amount of glucose present in a sample on the glucose sensor.