Sequential monoscopic tracking

A radiation treatment delivery apparatus, comprising:

• a first detection device to generate two-dimensional projection data about a position of a target region internal to a body of a patient, wherein the two dimensional projection data is generated sequentially at different points in time;
• a second detection device to generate positional data about one or more sensors external to the body of the patient;
• and
• a processing device to
• receive the two-dimensional projection data about the internal target region and the positional data from the external sensors and generate a correlation model between the positional data and the position of the target region by directly fitting, in two dimensions, the two-dimensional projection data to the positional data, wherein directly fitting includes optimizing parameters of an analytic function to best fit three dimensional modeled positions of the internal target region to the two-dimensional projection data and the positional data, and
• control the radiation treatment delivery apparatus using the correlation model and based on the positional data obtained from the external sensors to compensate for motions of the patient.

A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by a processing device of a radiation treatment delivery system, cause the processing device to:

• generate a plurality of two dimensional projections of an internal target region within a body of a patient, the plurality of two dimensional projections comprising projection data about a position of an internal target region of the patient, wherein each of the plurality of two dimensional projections are generated sequentially at different points in time;
• generate external positional data about external motion of the body of the patient using one or more external sensors;
• generate, by the processing device, a correlation model between the projection data and the external positional data by directly fitting, in two dimensions, each of the plurality of two dimensional projections of the internal target region to the external positional data, wherein directly fitting includes optimizing parameters of an analytic function to best fit three dimensional modeled positions of the internal target region to the projection data of the plurality of two dimensional projections and the external positional data;
• and
• estimate a position of the internal target region at a later time using the correlation model.

A method, comprising:

• sequentially acquiring a plurality of two dimensional x-ray images of a target within a body of a patient using a single imager on a rotating gantry by rotating the single imager around the target;
• generating external positional data about external motion of the body of the patient using one or more external sensors;
• and
• determining, by a processing device, a three dimensional internal position of the target using a correlation model generated by directly fitting, in two dimensions, each of the sequentially acquired plurality of two dimensional x-ray images of the target to the external positional data, wherein directly fitting includes optimizing parameters of an analytic function to best fit three dimensional modeled positions of the target to projection data of the plurality of two dimensional x-ray images and the external positional data.

A method, comprising:

• generating target positional data about a three dimensional internal target position being internal to a body of a patient, by generating a plurality of two dimensional projections of the three dimensional internal target position, wherein each of the plurality of two dimensional projections are generated sequentially at different points in time;
• generating external positional data about external motion of the body of the patient using one or more external sensors, wherein the external positional data is generated more frequently than the plurality of two dimensional projections;
• and
• generating, by a processing device, a correlation model between the external positional data and the three dimensional internal target position by directly fitting, in two dimensions, each of the plurality of two-dimensional projections of the three dimensional internal target position to the external positional data, wherein directly fitting includes optimizing parameters of an analytic function to best fit three dimensional modeled positions of the three dimensional internal target to projection data of the plurality of two-dimensional projections and the external positional data;
• and
• controlling a treatment delivery system to direct radiation towards the three dimensional internal target position of the patient based on the correlation model to compensate for motions of the patient.