Electrochemically produced three-dimensional structures for battery electrodes

A continuous process for manufacturing electrical current collectors, comprising

• i) providing a first roll and a second roll for winding a continuous electrically conductive substrate foil having first and second parallel sides;
• ii) feeding said substrate to a space between an anode and a cathode, wherein said first side is capable of co-acting as a combined working electrode together with one of said anode and cathode, and a second side capable of co-acting as a combined counter electrode together with the other one of said anode and cathode to close a circuit;
• iii) electrochemically depositing metal atoms on a first layer, electrochemically dissolving metal atoms from the first layer, or both, the first layer bondable to said first substrate side in accordance with electrical signals sent to said anode and said cathode by a central managing unit, thereby creating a continuous 3D electrode structure comprising said metal atoms on said substrate;
• and
• iv) winding said 3D structure on said substrate onto said second roll,
• thereby obtaining 3D current collectors.