Integrated dilution refrigerators

A dilution refrigerator comprising:

• a first thermal stage configured to be cooled to a first temperature;
• a second thermal stage configured to be cooled to a second temperature lower than the first temperature;
• a vacuum chamber housing the first thermal stage and the second thermal stage;
• a first suspension system configured to suspend the first thermal stage from the vacuum chamber;
• and
• a second suspension system configured to suspend the second thermal stage from the vacuum chamber, the second suspension system comprising one or more springs configured to movably couple the second thermal stage to the vacuum chamber, wherein:
• the first and second suspension systems are configured to provide vibration isolation to the first and second thermal stages, respectively, and to mechanically decouple the first thermal stage from the second thermal stage;
• and
• the one or more springs comprise:
• a first spring configured to provide vibration isolation of the second thermal stage along a first axis;
• and
• a second spring configured to provide vibration isolation of the second thermal stage in a plane perpendicular to the first axis.