Systems and methods for identifying grid fault type and faulted phase

A method for detecting a fault type and faulted phase using two planes in a power grid comprising a relay configured to monitor a line of the power grid and generate a monitoring signal, the method comprising:

• determining, by a controller, three phase voltage phasors and three phase current phasors, in response to three-phase voltages and three-phase currents acquired from current and voltage instrument transformers;
• determining, by the controller, a positive sequence voltage, a negative sequence voltage, a zero sequence voltage, and voltage magnitudes in response to phasors of the three-phase voltages;
• determining, by the controller, a positive sequence current, a negative sequence current, a zero sequence current, and current magnitudes in response to phasors of the three-phase currents;
• identifying, by the controller, positive, negative, and zero sequence voltage phasors, positive, negative, and zero current phasors, positive, negative, and zero sequence voltage magnitudes, and positive, negative, and zero sequence current magnitudes;
• determining, by the controller, in response to the negative sequence current magnitude, an absence or a presence of a weak-infeed condition in the line;
• determining, by the controller, in response to the positive, negative, and zero sequence current magnitudes and to the positive, negative, and zero sequence voltage magnitudes, an enabling signal;
• determining, by the controller, a delta change in the positive, negative, and zero sequence voltage phasors and a delta change in the positive, negative, and zero sequence current phasors, in response to the positive, negative, and zero sequence voltage phasors, in response to the positive, negative, and zero sequence current phasors, in response to the positive, negative, and zero sequence voltage phasors, and in response to the positive, negative, and zero sequence current phasors;
• determining, by the controller, in response to a first angle between a pair of delta change sequence quantities in a first of the two planes, a first plane sequence signature;
• determining, by the controller, in response to a second angle between two delta change sequence quantities in a second of the two planes, a second plane sequence signature;
• determining, by the controller, an initial fault type and faulted phase in the power grid in response to the enabling signal, the first plane sequence signature, and the second plane sequence signature;
• and
• determining, by the controller, a final fault type and faulted phase in the power grid, in response to the initial fault type and faulted phase, and the voltage magnitudes.