Liquid crystal phase shifter having a first electrode with periodic metal patches and a second electrode with a one-piece microstrip

A phase shifter, comprising:

• a first substrate and a second substrate opposite to each other;
• a dielectric layer between the first substrate and the second substrate;
• a first electrode on a side of the first substrate proximal to the second substrate;
• a second electrode on a side of the second substrate proximal to the first substrate;
• and
• a ground electrode on a side of the second substrate distal to the first substrate;
• wherein the dielectric layer comprises liquid crystal molecules, and the first electrode and the second electrode are configured to control rotation of the liquid crystal molecules according to different voltages respectively received by the first electrode and the second electrode,
• the second electrode has a one-piece structure;
• wherein the first electrode comprises a plurality of metal patches arranged periodically;
• wherein the second electrode is a microstrip;
• and
• wherein a respective longitudinal axis direction of the microstrip is the same as a direction in which the plurality of metal patches are arranged.

A phase shifter, comprising:

• a first substrate and a second substrate opposite to each other;
• a dielectric layer between the first substrate and the second substrate;
• a first electrode on a side of the first substrate proximal to the second substrate;
• a second electrode on a side of the second substrate proximal to the first substrate;
• and
• a ground electrode on a side of the second substrate distal to the first substrate;
• wherein the dielectric layer comprises liquid crystal molecules, and the first electrode and the second electrode are configured to control rotation of the liquid crystal molecules according to different voltages respectively received by the first electrode and the second electrode,
• the second electrode has a one-piece structure;
• wherein the liquid crystal molecules are nematic liquid crystal molecules;
• and
• wherein an angle between a respective longitudinal axis direction of each of the nematic liquid crystal molecules and a plane where the second electrode is located is greater than 0 degree and less than 90 degrees.