Method of optimizing surface of carbon electrode for flow battery

A method of optimizing a surface of a carbon electrode for a flow battery, comprising the steps of:

• (a) solution configuration:
• obtaining a compound selected from a group consisting of a hydrophilic compound and a derivative thereof, said compound having at least one functional group with featured electrons selected from a group consisting of double-bond electrons and lone-pair electrons, and controlling a ratio of said at least one functional group during preparation to obtain a reaction solution;
• and
• (b) activation:
• spraying said reaction solution on a carbon electrode;
• and, after setting a plurality of related reaction parameters of an atmospheric plasma and processing activation with said atmospheric plasma, covalently bonding a requested ratio of said at least one functional group onto the surface of said carbon electrode to accurately control the type and number of said at least one functional group bonded on said surface of said carbon electrode.