Phase shifter in which at least some of first sub-electrodes are short-circuited together and connected to a same connection portion

A phase shifter, comprising:

• a first substrate;
• a signal electrode and a reference electrode on at least one side of an extension direction of the signal electrode, wherein both the signal electrode and the reference electrode are on the first substrate;
• a first insulating layer on a side of the reference electrode and the signal electrode distal to the first substrate;
• and
• at least one phase controlling unit on a side of the first insulating layer distal to the first substrate, wherein each phase controlling unit comprises a main body portion and at least one connection portion;
• an orthogonal projection of the main body portion on the first substrate at least partially overlaps an orthogonal projection of the signal electrode on the first substrate;
• the main body portion and the first insulating layer have a gap therebetween;
• and the at least one connection portion is connected between the main body portion and a portion of the first insulating layer covering the reference electrode;
• wherein the main body portion comprises a plurality of first sub-electrodes short-circuited with each other;
• and at least some of the plurality of first sub-electrodes are connected to a same connection portion.