Computer implemented method for the automated analysis or use of data

A computer-based system configured to translate between a first natural language and a second natural language, the system being configured to:

• (a) store in a non-transitory computer-readable medium a structured, machine-readable representation of data that conforms to a machine-readable language;
• (b) receive a word or sequence of words in the first natural language to be translated into the second natural language;
• (c) automatically translate that word or sequence of words expressed in the first natural language into the second natural language by first translating that word or sequence of words expressed in the first natural language into the machine readable language, and then translating from the machine readable language into the second natural language, wherein the machine readable language is one in which:
• (I) syntax for the machine-readable language is a substantially unambiguous syntax comprising nesting of structured representations of data;
• (II) each structured representation of data includes an identifier selected from an address space that is sufficiently large to select a new identifier with negligible risk of selecting a previously allocated identifier;
• in which the structured, machine-readable representation of data that conforms to the machine-readable language comprises semantic nodes and passages;
• and in which each semantic node represents an entity and is itself represented by an identifier;
• and each passage is either a semantic node or a combination of semantic nodes;
• and at least some of the passages include combinations of semantic nodes;
• and where machine-readable meaning comes from choice of semantic nodes and a way they are combined and ordered as passages;
• wherein the system is configured to
• (i) identify a structured, machine-readable representation of data comprising semantic nodes and/or passages that conform to the machine-readable language, which represents semantics of the word or sequence of words in the first natural language;
• (ii) retrieve a word or sequence of words in the second language that corresponds in meaning to the identified structured, machine-readable representation of data, and
• (iii) output the retrieved word or sequence of words in the second natural language that corresponds in meaning to the identified structured, machine-readable representation of data.