A method, performed by a mining node in a mining network, for establishing an externally verifiable proof of work as immutable evidence of computational work completed by the mining node to generate a private data output, the proof of work being for use in appending a block record to a blockchain, the method comprising:
- receiving, from a data broker server, a data package comprising signal information to be kept private by the mining node;
- analyzing, by computational work, the data package to convert the signal information to a corresponding private data output also to be kept private by the mining node;
- in response to analyzing the data package, generating metadata characteristic of the analysis of the signal information, the metadata being independent of the private data output generated by the analysis;
- using a cryptographic commitment scheme to generate, from a combination of the metadata and validation data, a metadata commitment value for the data package as analyzed by the mining node;
- and
- communicating the metadata commitment value and the validation data to a commitment database server operable to permit external access to the metadata commitment value for use in providing an externally verifiable proof of work.