Aircraft multi-lift system with synchronized maneuvering and load feedback control

An aircraft multi-lift system with synchronized maneuvering and load feedback control, the aircraft multi-lift system comprising:

• a common load;
• a plurality of Vertical Take Off and Landing (VTOL) aircraft, the plurality of VTOL aircraft consisting of one primary VTOL aircraft and one or more secondary VTOL aircraft;
• a plurality of slings;
• and
• an operator station;
• wherein each VTOL aircraft comprises a computing unit, a Payload Attachment Mechanism (PAM) package, a Flight Control Avionics package, and a Guidance & Navigation (G&N) package, the computing unit of each VTOL aircraft being configured to communicate with the Flight Control Avionics package, the PAM package, and the G&N package corresponding to said VTOL aircraft;
• wherein the PAM package of each VTOL aircraft is connected to the common load by one of the plurality of slings that extends from said common load to the attachment point, the PAM package of each VTOL aircraft further including a load measurement system having a load sensor, the load measurement system associated with each VTOL aircraft being configured to measure a force operating on the sling to thereby produce aircraft sling load data associated with the sling attached to the corresponding VTOL aircraft;
• wherein the Flight Control Avionics package of each VTOL aircraft includes a low latency communication link, at least one avionics sensor, and Multi-Lift Autonomous Flight Control System (MLAFCS), the low latency communication link being operable to enable communication amongst the plurality of VTOL aircraft, at least one of the avionics sensor being configured to produce aircraft state data associated with the VTOL aircraft on which said avionics sensor is located, the MLAFCS being configured to share the aircraft sling load data and the aircraft state data associated with the VTOL aircraft on which said MLAFCS is located with the other VTOL aircraft via the low latency communication link;
• wherein the G&N package of the primary VTOL aircraft is configured to receive small macro-commands from the operation station over a low bandwidth high-latency link and to subsequently direct said small macro-commands to the Flight Control Avionics package of said primary VTOL aircraft, the MLAFCS of the primary VTOL aircraft being configured to use the small macro-commands, the shared aircraft state data, and the shared aircraft sling load data to coordinate formation flying between the plurality of VTOL aircraft by issuing Primary-to-Secondary commands that are sent to the MLAFCS of the one or more secondary VTOL aircraft via the low latency communication link;
• wherein the MLAFCS of each VTOL aircraft includes a Waypoint Control System and a Path Tracking Module, the Path Tracking Module including a Tracking Control and an Inner Loop Control, the Waypoint Control System including a Limited Proportional/Integral (PI) Control;
• wherein the Waypoint Control System of the primary VTOL aircraft converts input position commands from the G&N package into a stream of kinematically consistent position commands provided to the Path Tracking Module, said Waypoint Control System includes a Primary Formation Control (PFC), wherein the PFC of the primary VTOL aircraft is operable to control flight formation of the plurality of VTOL aircraft;
• wherein the Tracking Control is operable to follow the stream of kinematically consistent position commands from the Waypoint Control and the Inner Loop Control is operable to provide attitude and flight path stabilization to each VTOL aircraft;
• wherein the secondary MLAFCS is operable to be commanded in a vector command mode to accept a plurality of secondary velocity commands and a plurality of secondary position commands to generate a secondary internal position;
• wherein the secondary Waypoint Control System of the secondary VTOL aircraft is operable to receive sub-sampled commands from the Primary Formation Control (PFC) of the primary VTOL aircraft and the secondary Waypoint Control System synchronizes the secondary internal position with the sub-sampled commands through the Limited PI Control, the Limited PI Control is operable to generate a velocity command feedback, the velocity command feedback forcing the secondary internal position to match the sub-sampled commands from the PFC to produce a synchronized internal position, the synchronized internal position being utilized by the secondary Path Tracking Module to keep the secondary VTOL aircraft in flight formation with the primary VTOL aircraft and to avoid position command drift between the primary VTOL aircraft and the secondary VTOL aircraft;
• wherein the secondary Waypoint Control System of the secondary VTOL aircraft includes a Secondary Formation Control (SFC) operable to receive feedback from at least one load sensor and control load distribution by commanding positional changes of the secondary VTOL aircraft relative to the flight formation commanded from the primary VTOL aircraft;
• wherein the Secondary Formation Control (SFC) on the secondary VTOL aircraft provides load distribution feedback control, whereby the SFC is operable to calculate a load distribution error by taking into account a position of the primary aircraft, the common load, and a load distribution from a Shared State Data transmission, wherein the SFC includes a Proportional/Integral (PI) Load-Error Feedback operable to processes the load distribution error, wherein the SFC on the secondary VTOL aircraft is operable to produce small orthogonal position changes relative to the commands of the PFC to regulate the force operating on the sling;
• wherein the SFC on the secondary VTOL aircraft provides load distribution feedback control using the Proportional/Integral (PI) Load-Error Feedback, the Proportional/Integral (PI) Load-Error Feedback including an integral feedback component, wherein the integral feedback component provides a 1/s disturbance rejection, thereby eliminating a bias error in the load distribution;
• and
• wherein the common load is not instrumented.

An aircraft multi-lift system with synchronized maneuvering and load feedback control, the aircraft multi-lift system comprising:

• a common load;
• a plurality of Vertical Take Off and Landing (VTOL) aircraft, the plurality of VTOL aircraft consisting of a primary VTOL aircraft and a secondary VTOL aircraft;
• a plurality of slings;
• and
• an operator station operable to send and receive navigation commands and direct operations of the primary VTOL aircraft using macro level commands;
• wherein each VTOL aircraft comprises a computing unit, a Payload Attachment Mechanism (PAM) package, a Flight Control Avionics package, and a Guidance & Navigation (G&N) package, the computing unit of each VTOL aircraft being configured to communicate with the PAM package and the Flight Control Avionics package corresponding to said VTOL aircraft;
• wherein the PAM package of each VTOL aircraft is located on the underside of said VTOL aircraft and includes an attachment point, the PAM package of each VTOL aircraft being connected to the common load by one of the plurality of slings that extends from said common load to the attachment point, the PAM package of each VTOL aircraft further including a load measurement system having a load sensor located at the attachment point, the load sensor associated with each VTOL aircraft being configured to measure a force operating on the sling to thereby produce aircraft sling load data associated with the sling attached to the corresponding VTOL aircraft;
• wherein the Flight Control Avionics package of each VTOL aircraft includes a communication link, at least one avionics sensor, and Multi-Lift Autonomous Flight Control System (MLAFCS), the communication link being operable to enable communication amongst the plurality of VTOL aircraft, at least one of the avionics sensor being configured to produce aircraft state data associated with the VTOL aircraft on which said avionics sensor is located, the MLAFCS system being configured to share the aircraft sling load data and the aircraft state data associated with the VTOL aircraft on which said MLAFCS is located with the other VTOL aircraft via the communication link;
• wherein the MLAFCS of each VTOL aircraft includes a Waypoint Control System and a Path Tracking Module, the Path Tracking Module including a Tracking Control and an Inner Loop Control, the Waypoint Control System including a Limited Proportional/Integral (PI) Control;
• wherein the Waypoint Control System of the primary VTOL aircraft converts input position commands from the G&N package into a stream of kinematically consistent position commands provided to the Path Tracking Module, said Waypoint Control System includes a Primary Formation Control (PFC), wherein the PFC of the primary VTOL aircraft is operable to control flight formation of the plurality of VTOL aircraft;
• wherein the Tracking Control is operable to follow the stream of kinematically consistent position commands from the Waypoint Control and the Inner Loop Control is operable to provide attitude and flight path stabilization to each VTOL aircraft;
• wherein the Inner-Loop Control includes a Load Swing Feedback (LSF) on both primary and secondary VTOL aircraft to control load swing motion;
• wherein the secondary MLAFCS is operable to be commanded in a vector command mode to accept a plurality of secondary velocity commands and a plurality of secondary position commands to generate a secondary internal position;
• wherein the secondary Waypoint Control System of the secondary VTOL aircraft is operable to receive sub-sampled commands from the Primary Formation Control (PFC) of the primary VTOL aircraft and the secondary Waypoint Control System synchronizes the secondary internal position with the sub-sampled commands through the Limited PI Control, the Limited PI Control is operable to generate a velocity command feedback, the velocity command feedback forcing the secondary internal position to match the sub-sampled commands from the PFC to produce a synchronized internal position, the synchronized internal position being utilized by the secondary Path Tracking Module to keep the secondary VTOL aircraft in flight formation with the primary VTOL aircraft and to avoid position command drift between the primary VTOL aircraft and the secondary VTOL aircraft;
• wherein the secondary Waypoint Control System of the secondary VTOL aircraft includes a Secondary Formation Control (SFC) operable to receive feedback from at least one load sensor and control load distribution by commanding small positional changes of the secondary VTOL aircraft relative to the flight formation commanded from the primary VTOL aircraft;
• wherein the Secondary Formation Control (SFC) on the secondary VTOL aircraft provides load distribution feedback control, whereby the SFC is operable to calculate a load distribution error by taking into account a position of the primary aircraft, the common load, and a load distribution from a Shared State Data transmission, wherein the SFC includes a Proportional/Integral (PI) Load-Error Feedback operable to processes the load distribution error, wherein the SFC on the secondary VTOL aircraft is operable to produce small orthogonal position changes relative to the commands of the PFC to regulate the force operating on the sling;
• wherein the SFC on the secondary VTOL aircraft provides load distribution feedback control using the Proportional/Integral (PI) Load-Error Feedback, the Proportional/Integral (PI) Load-Error Feedback including an integral feedback component, wherein the integral feedback component provides a 1/s disturbance rejection, thereby eliminating a bias error in the load distribution;
• and
• wherein the common load is not instrumented.