Sensor circuit for controlling, detecting, and measuring a molecular complex

A method of constructing a nanopore based sequencing system, the method comprising:

• providing a plurality of measurement cells, each measurement cell including a cell electrode above which a nanopore is formed, the cell electrode configurable to apply a distinct potential that is independent from cell electrodes in other measurement cells, the plurality of is measurement cells comprising a bank of M×N measurement cells, wherein M refers to a number rows and N refers to a number of columns in the bank of measurement cells;
• and
• providing a single common electrode configured to be in electrical communication with each cell electrode of the plurality of measurement cells, the single common electrode configured to apply a common potential to a liquid on one side of the nanopores formed above the cell electrodes in the plurality of measurement cells, wherein the common potential is common to all of the measurement cells, wherein a potential across the nanopore in the measurement cell is a difference between the distinct potential applied by the cell electrode of the measurement cell and the common potential applied by the single common electrode.