Fuel additives for reducing low speed pre-ignition events

A method for preventing or reducing low speed pre-ignition events in a spark-ignited internal combustion engine, the method comprising:

• lubricating the engine with a lubricant composition comprising a phenolic amine having a structure given by
• or a salt there of;
• wherein R1 and R2 are independently H, C1-C20 hydrocarbyl group, carboxyl group, ester, amide, ketone, ether, or hydroxyl group;
• wherein R3 and R4 are independently H, C1-C20 hydrocarbyl group, carboxyl group, ester, amide, ketone, ether, amino, or hydroxyl group or wherein R3 and R4 are part of a cyclic group;
• wherein R5 is C1-C100 hydrocarbyl group, carboxyl group, ether, or hydroxyl group;
• wherein p is 0 to 2, n is 1 to 5, m is 0 to 2, and p+n+m is less than 6;
• and
• a second additive or a salt thereof, wherein the second additive is an 2-ethylhexanoic acid, or 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0]-undeca-7-ene.