Fluoroscopic imaging-compatible and X-ray dose reducing electromagnetic field generator for electromagnetic tracking

A system comprising:

• one or more antenna elements laid out on a single or multi-layer printed circuit board (PCB) with current conducting metal traces;
• and
• an enclosure made with a polymer or other non-conductive material, wherein the one or more antennas are configured to reduce visible artifacts for X-rays used in fluoroscopic imaging and CT scans by:
• shifting antenna layers relative to one another to improve metal density uniformity;
• fabricating each layer with a thin uniform layer of conducting trace and each conducting trace having an increased width to reduce an overall antenna series resistance;
• minimizing trace to trace spacing and via sizes to decrease their visibility;
• and
• adding disconnected small conducting material fills in areas where there are no antenna traces to improve conductor surface density uniformity while minimizing any unwanted eddy currents.