Random access method and apparatus, and communications device

A communications device, comprising:

• a memory, a processor, and a computer program that is stored on the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein when the computer program is executed by the processor, the following steps are implemented:
• receiving random access configuration information from a network side device, wherein the random access configuration information comprises at least a random access threshold;
• and
• selecting a random access manner according to the random access configuration information;
• wherein after the selecting a random access manner according to the random access configuration information, when the computer program is executed by the processor, the following steps are implemented:
• using the selected random access manner for nth random access, wherein n is a positive integer;
• and
• after the nth random access fails or is not completed or is unsuccessful, selecting a random access manner for (n+1)th random access according to any one of the following methods:
• when both of the two random access manners can meet a preset priority requirement, selecting a random access manner different from that for the nth random access;
• after the random access manner for the nth random access has been selected for a preset number of times, when both of the two random access manners can meet a preset priority requirement, selecting a random access manner different from that for the nth random access;
• after the random access manner for the nth random access has been executed for a preset time, when both of the two random access manners can meet a preset priority requirement, selecting a random access manner different from that for the nth random access;
• selecting a random access manner according to a newly generated random access parameter, wherein the newly generated random access parameter is less than a random access parameter corresponding to the nth random access, and a difference between the two random access parameters is a specified value;
• or
• when both of the two random access manners can meet a preset priority requirement, selecting a random access manner according to the newly generated random access parameter, wherein the newly generated random access parameter is less than a random access parameter corresponding to the nth random access, and a difference between the two random access parameters is a specified value.

A random access method, comprising:

• receiving, by a terminal, random access configuration information from a network side device, wherein the random access configuration information comprises at least a random access threshold;
• and
• selecting, by the terminal, a random access manner according to the random access configuration information;
• wherein the random access manner comprises a four-step random access manner and a two-step random access manner, and the selecting, by the terminal, a random access manner according to the random access configuration information comprises:
• generating, by the terminal, a random access parameter, comparing the random access parameter with the random access threshold, and selecting the four-step random access manner or the two-step random access manner according to a comparison result;
• wherein the generating, by the terminal, a random access parameter comprises at least one of the following:
• generating, by the terminal, a random number as the random access parameter;
• dividing, by the terminal, a terminal identifier exactly by a preset value to obtain the random access parameter;
• or
• calculating, by the terminal, the random access parameter by using a redistribution formula, wherein a calculation parameter of the redistribution formula comprises at least one of the following:
• the terminal identifier, the random access threshold, and the random number.