Multi-layered charging system

A computing system of a front-end service provider, comprising:

• one or more processors;
• non-transitory computer-readable memory comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the computing system to perform operations to:
• receive, by the computing system of the front-end service provider, a communications request including user data;
• determine, by the computing system of the front-end service provider, that one or more back-end service providers can fulfil the communications request, wherein the one or more back-end service providers are different from the front-end service provider;
• transmit, by the computing system of the front-end service provider, data associated with the communications request and/or the one or more back-end service providers to a charging function (CHF) proxy service, the data indicating requirements of the communications request comprising at least one of a bandwidth requirement, a cost requirement, or a charging function (CHF) registration requirement;
• receive, by the computing system of the front-end service provider and from the CHF proxy service, information associated with a back-end service provider of the one or more back-end service providers, the information comprising at least one of a first CHF associated with the back-end service provider or a second CHF associated with the CHF proxy service;
• establish, by the computing system of the front-end service provider, a communications connection with the back-end service provider;
• and
• transmit, by the front-end service provider and to the back-end service provider, the user data such that the communications request is fulfilled.