Negative electrode active material, negative electrode, and secondary battery

A negative electrode active material comprising:

• a first negative electrode active material particle including a silicon-based material having a silicon surface forming charge state,
• wherein a Si2p spectrum obtained by measuring the first negative electrode active material particle by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has a peak in a range from 99.0 eV to 105.0 eV,
• wherein a half width of the peak is 1.5 eV or more and 8.0 eV or less,
• wherein the peak corresponds to the silicon surface forming charge state of the first negative electrode active material particle in a charged state of 0.6 V (vs. Li/Li+), and
• wherein the charged state of 0.6 V (vs. Li/Li+) is based on a constant current charge at 0.05 C, thereafter a constant voltage charge at 0.6 V until a current value is 0.005 C.