Systems and methods for using a satellite for detecting spoof attempts and geolocating spoofers

A method for detecting a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) spoof signal by a ground station in communication with a detection satellite that:

• (1) is on a first orbit that is lower than a second orbit used by a GNSS satellite and (2) includes:
• a first antenna positioned to receive signals originating from a planetary surface, wherein the first antenna is capable of receiving signals in a frequency range used by the GNSS spoof signal,
• a second antenna positioned to receive signals originating from the GNSS satellite on a higher orbit than the first orbit of the detection satellite, wherein the second antenna is capable of receiving signals in a frequency range used by the GNSS satellite,
• one or more processors configured to:
• receive GNSS signals of a first type emitted from the surface via the first antenna,
• receive GNSS signals of a second type emitted by the GNSS satellite via the second antenna,
• determine, based on the received GNSS signals of a second type, a position of the detection satellite when the first type of GNSS signal is received at the detection satellite, and
• determine times of arrival associated with received GNSS signals of the first type of GNSS signal, and
• a transmitter configured to transmit, to the ground station system, the positions of the detection satellite and the respective times of arrival;
• the method comprising:
• identifying a repetitive part of the GNSS signals of the first type, and the data collected by the detection satellite includes a recording of the repetitive part;
• and
• determining, using the times of arrival and the respective positions of the detection satellite included in the collected data, a geolocation of a source of the GNSS signals of the first type received at the first antenna of the detection satellite, by obtaining at least three measurements of satellite positions and arrival times related to the signals received at different times and performing comparisons based on determined distances between the detection satellite and candidate locations for the source.