Surface engineered organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite nanocrystals and applications thereof

An optoelectronic device comprising:

• a photoactive layer including organic-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals, the organic-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals comprising surfaces associated with growth passivation ligands and trap passivation ligands, wherein the growth passivation ligands are larger than the trap passivation ligands and are of size unable to incorporate into octahedral corner sites of the perovskite crystal structure, wherein the photoactive layer comprises excess halide, and the organic-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals are of the formula Me1−yAyBX3−zYz, wherein Me is an alkali metal cation, A is an organic cation, B is an element selected from the group consisting of transition metals, Group IVA elements and rare earth elements and X and Y are independently selected from Group VIIA elements, wherein 0<y≤1 and wherein 0≤z<3, and the trap passivation ligands fill uncoordinated surface sites on at least one of B, X and Y.

A nanoparticle composition comprising:

• a layer of organic-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals, the organic-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals comprising surfaces associated with growth passivation ligands and trap passivation ligands, wherein the growth passivation ligands are larger than the trap passivation ligands and are of size unable to incorporate into octahedral corner sites of the perovskite crystal structure, wherein the organic-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals are of the formula AB1−pMpX3−zYz, wherein A is an organic cation, B and M are elements independently selected from the group consisting of transition metals, Group IVA elements and rare earth elements and X and Y are independently selected from Group VIIA elements, wherein 0<p<1 and wherein 0≤z<3, and wherein the trap passivation ligands are present in stoichiometric excess relative to metal halide of the perovskite nanocrystals.

A nanoparticle composition comprising:

• a layer of organic-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals, the organic-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals comprising surfaces associated with growth passivation ligands and trap passivation ligands, wherein the growth passivation ligands are larger than the trap passivation ligands and are of size unable to incorporate into octahedral corner sites of the perovskite crystal structure, wherein organic-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals are of the formula Me1−yAyBX3−zYz, wherein Me is an alkali metal cation, A is an organic cation, B is an element selected from the group consisting of transition metals, Group IVA elements and rare earth elements and X and Y are independently selected from Group VIIA elements, wherein 0<y<1 and wherein 0≤z<3, and the trap passivation ligands fill uncoordinated surface sites on at least one of B, X and Y, and wherein the trap passivation ligands are present in stoichiometric excess relative to metal halide of the perovskite nanocrystals.