Blood glucose sensing system

A blood glucose sensing system comprising:

• a plurality of physiological sensors configured to provide sensor data associated with a user, the plurality of physiological sensors comprising an invasive sensor and an optical blood glucose sensor configured to generate blood glucose data of a user;
• an input for receiving a plurality of blood glucose values derived from the invasive sensor data;
• one or more hardware signal processors configured to:
• receive blood glucose data from the optical blood glucose sensor;
• receive a plurality of user-specific data, the user-specific data comprising food intake data and insulin intake data;
• detect physiological events to generate a plurality of physiological event data based at least in part on the optical sensor data and independent of user input;
• determine, using a glucose insulin estimator, a plurality of modeled blood glucose values over time between measurements by the blood glucose sensor, wherein the plurality of modeled blood glucose values are determined based on the blood glucose data and user-specific data, wherein the glucose insulin estimator comprises a nonlinear state-space model of glucose and insulin reactions within a human body and state variables associated with at least one of insulin secretion rate, plasma glucose, tissue glucose, insulin in interstitial fluid, insulin in liver, insulin in plasma, insulin in portal veins, delayed insulin signal, glucose in the stomach at solid phase, glucose in the stomach at liquid phase, glucose in the intestine, non-monomeric insulin in the subcutaneous space, monomeric insulin in the subcutaneous space, glucagon hormone, pro-glycogen, or glucagon rate affected endogenous factor, or parameters associated with at least one of glucose kinetics, insulin kinetics, rate of appearance of insulin, endogenous production of insulin, utilization of insulin, secretion of insulin, or renal excretion of insulin;
• and
• dynamically optimize the nonlinear state-space model to minimize an error between the plurality of modeled blood glucose values of the user and measured values of blood glucose, wherein the measured values of blood glucose comprise blood glucose values derived from the invasive sensor data and blood glucose values derived from the optical sensor data,
• wherein an input of the state-space model comprises the plurality of physiological event data of the user;
• and
• determine a continuous estimate of blood glucose over a period of monitoring time based on a combination of the plurality of blood glucose values and the plurality of modeled blood glucose values;
• and
• a display configured to display a glucose trend over time, the glucose trend based at least in part on the plurality of modeled blood glucose values.