Electrochromic devices having n-doped conductive polymer as transparent conducting layer, ion storage layer, and/or electrochromic layer

A method for forming an electrochromic device, comprising:

• coating a first conducting layer on a first substrate, wherein the first conducting layer comprises an n-doped organic conductive polymer with a formula of
• wherein X is O, S, or Se;
• each of m and n is an integer greater than zero;
• each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from one of hydrogen or C1-C10 alkyl;
• M+ is an organic or metal cation;
• m− is negative charges that balance mM+;
• patterning the first conducting layer to form first areas and first electric interconnects between adjacent first areas;
• coating a second conducting layer on a second substrate;
• patterning the second conducting layer to form second areas and second electric interconnects between adjacent second areas;
• and
• performing one of the following:
• a) forming a first electrolyte layer on each of the first areas, wherein the first electrolyte layers are separated from each other;
• forming an electrochromic layer on each of the second areas, wherein the electrochromic layers are separated from each other;
• forming a second electrolyte layer on each of the electrochromic layers, wherein the second electrolyte layers are separated from each other;
• and laminating (1) the first substrate having the first areas, the first electric interconnects, and the first electrolyte layers, and (2) the second substrate having the second areas, the second electric interconnects, the electrochromic layers, and the second electrolyte layers such that the first electrolyte layers are aligned with and in contact with the second electrolyte layers;
• or
• b) forming an electrolyte layer on each of the first areas, wherein the electrolyte layers are separated from each other;
• forming an electrochromic layer on each of the electrolyte layers, wherein the electrochromic layers are separated from each other;
• and laminating (1) the first substrate having the first areas, the first electric interconnects, the electrolyte layers, and the electrochromic layers, and (2) the second substrate having the second areas and the second electric interconnects such that the electrochromic layers are aligned with and in contact with the second areas;
• or
• c) forming an electrochromic layer on each of the second areas, wherein the electrochromic layers are separated from each other;
• forming an electrolyte layer on each of the electrochromic layers, wherein the electrolyte layers are separated from each other;
• and laminating (1) the first substrate having the first areas and the first electric interconnects, and (2) the second substrate having the second areas, the second electric interconnects, the electrochromic layers, and the electrolyte layers such that the electrolyte layers are aligned with and in contact with the first areas.

An electrochromic device, comprising two substrates and layers disposed between the two substrates, wherein the layers comprise:

• a first conducting layer;
• an electrolyte layer on top of the first conducting layer;
• an electrochromic layer on top of the electrolyte layer;
• and
• a second conducting layer on top of the electrochromic layer, wherein the first conducting layer comprises a n-doped poly (3,7-dihydrobenzo [1,2-b:4,5-b′]difuran-2,6-dione) (n-PBDF) with a formula of
• where each of m and n is an integer greater than zero, and m′ is negative charges that balance mM+.