Metal support for electrochemical element, electrochemical element, electrochemical module, electrochemical device, energy system, solid oxide fuel cell, solid oxide electrolytic cell, and method for manufacturing metal support

A solid oxide electrolytic cell comprising:

• an electrochemical element, the electrochemical element comprising:
• an electrode layer;
• a solid electrolyte layer;
• and
• a counter electrode layer provided on/over a front face of a metal support,
• wherein the metal support has a plate shape,
• the metal support is provided with a plurality of open penetration spaces that pass through the metal support from a front face to a back face, the front face being provided with the electrode layer, such that a gas may flow through the penetration spaces to the electrode layer,
• a region of the front face is provided with the penetration spaces being a hole region,
• openings of the penetration spaces formed in the front face being front-side openings,
• an aperture ratio that is a ratio of the front-side openings to the hole region is 0.2% or more and 5.3% or less,
• each back-side opening that is an opening of the penetration spaces formed in the back face has an area or a diameter larger than those of the front-side openings, and
• intervals between the front-side openings are 0.115 mm or more and 0.200 mm or less,
• wherein an electrolytic reaction is caused in the electrochemical element.