Method and apparatus with battery short circuit detection

An apparatus comprising:

• a processor configured to:
• based on battery data measured from a battery and a battery model of the battery, determine a detection parameter value used for detecting a short circuit of the battery and a variation factor value correlated with the detection parameter;
• using the variation factor value, extract a reference value corresponding to the detection parameter value from a reference data set;
• and
• detect a short circuit of the battery based on a result of comparing the detection parameter value with the reference value.

A method comprising:

• applying a received measurement of a battery to a battery model to obtain a voltage estimate;
• comparing the voltage estimate to a measured voltage of the battery to obtain an error of the voltage estimate;
• obtaining a correction value that corrects the obtained error of the voltage estimate with respect to the measured voltage;
• and
• determining that the battery is in a short circuit state based on the correction value.