Methods for producing 2D materials by moving forming layers disposed on carriers through a reaction chamber open to the atmosphere

A method of forming 2D material comprising:

• providing a reaction chamber including a gas confining space extending through the reaction chamber from a chamber entrance to a chamber exit, a support extending through the gas confining space, and a plurality of carriers positioned on the support for supporting a forming layer suitable for forming 2D material, the chamber entrance and the chamber exit being open to a surrounding atmosphere around the reaction chamber;
• heating the gas confining space;
• introducing one or more purge gases into the gas confining space to purge the gas confining space of oxygen and to establish a laminar flow of gases throughout the gas confining space, the laminar flow of gases including a first forward flow path through the chamber entrance and a second rearward flow path through the chamber exit;
• introducing a donor gas into the laminar flow of gases;
• positioning the forming layer on the plurality of carriers;
• moving the plurality of carriers along the support through the gas confining space from the chamber entrance and through the chamber exit to react with the donor gas to form 2D material while the gas confining space is open to the surrounding atmosphere;
• and
• maintaining a positive pressure relative to the surrounding atmosphere throughout the gas confining space during the moving step.