Aerogel with hierarchical pore structure formed using pulsed laser technology, and preparation method and use thereof

An aerogel with a hierarchical pore structure formed using a pulsed laser technology, the aerogel being a silicon-containing inorganic-organic composite aerogel with a millimeter-micron-nano hierarchical pore structure, and being formed by subjecting a micron-nano silicon-containing inorganic-organic composite aerogel to customized millimeter-scale punching using a pulsed laser,

• wherein the micron-nano silicon-containing inorganic-organic composite aerogel is prepared by a process comprising:
• mixing a nano silicon-containing inorganic material, a biomass polymer, and deionized water as a solvent to obtain a mixture, leaving the mixture to stand, and gelatinizing to obtain a nano silicon-containing inorganic-organic composite hydrogel, the biomass polymer comprising polyvinyl alcohol, agar, and glutaraldehyde;
• and
• freezing the nano silicon-containing inorganic-organic composite hydrogel to form ice crystals therein, and removing the ice crystals therein by freeze-drying to obtain the micron-nano silicon-containing inorganic-organic composite aerogel;
• and
• wherein a size, a shape, and a number of millimeter-scale pores in the aerogel with the hierarchical pore structure are controlled by the pulsed laser, thereby obtaining the silicon-containing inorganic-organic composite aerogel with the millimeter-micron-nano hierarchical pore structure.