Systems and methods for renal denervation

A catheter apparatus for renal denervation, comprising:

• a shaft having a distal end;
• and
• a loop disposed near the distal end and configured to emerge from the distal end of the shaft and curl around an artery and onto itself, and receive, via the shaft, energy to denervate at least a portion of the artery,
• wherein the loop includes:
• a body capable of bending to curl around an axis in a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the shaft such that an outer surface of the body is directly adjacent to or contacts an inner surface of the body as the loop emerges from the distal end, and contacting an entirety of an outer circumferential surface of the artery, and
• a plurality of electrodes disposed on an inner side of the body and configured to face the outer circumferential surface of the artery when curled around the artery, each of the plurality of electrodes having an elongated rectangular shape and a longitudinal axis of the rectangular shape extends along a longitudinal direction of the body, and
• wherein the plurality of electrodes are configured to deliver the energy to the outer circumferential surface of the artery.