Image forming apparatus

An image forming apparatus, comprising:

• a latent image bearer having a surface onto which a lubricant comprising boron nitride is supplied, the latent image bearer configured to bear a toner image on the surface;
• an intermediate transferor having a surface onto which the toner image is transferred, the surface including an adhering region to which the lubricant from the surface of the latent image bearer adheres;
• a primary transferor configured to primarily transfer the toner image from the surface of the latent image bearer to the surface of the intermediate transferor;
• a second transferor configured to secondarily transfer the toner image from the surface of the intermediate transferor to a recording sheet;
• and
• a cleaning blade configured to clean the surface of the intermediate transferor including the adhering region, after the toner image is secondarily transferred,
• wherein in a region outside at least a horizontal A4 sheet passing width on the intermediate transferor, a ratio between a peak area of an attenuated total reflection (ATR) infrared absorption spectrum derived from boron nitride on the intermediate transferer in an unused state and a peak area of the ATR infrared absorption spectrum derived from boron nitride on the intermediate transferor after use is 1.152 or less.

An image forming apparatus, comprising:

• a latent image bearer having a surface onto which a lubricant comprising zinc stearate and boron nitride is supplied, the latent image bearer configured to bear a toner image on the surface;
• an intermediate transferor having a surface onto which the toner image is transferred, the surface including an adhering region to which the lubricant from the surface of the latent image bearer adheres;
• a primary transferor configured to primarily transfer the toner image from the surface of the latent image bearer to the surface of the intermediate transferor;
• a second transferor configured to secondarily transfer the toner image from the surface of the intermediate transferor to a recording sheet;
• and
• a cleaning blade configured to clean the surface of the intermediate transferor including the adhering region, after the toner image is secondarily transferred,
• wherein in a region outside at least a horizontal A4 sheet passing width on the intermediate transferor, a ratio between a first peak area of an attenuated total reflection (ATR) infrared absorption spectrum derived from zinc stearate on the intermediate transferor in an unused state and a second peak area of the ATR infrared absorption spectrum derived from zinc stearate on the intermediate transferor after use is 0.892 or less, and a ratio of a third peak area of the ATR infrared absorption spectrum derived from boron nitride on the intermediate transferor in the unused state and a fourth peak area of the ATR infrared absorption spectrum derived from boron nitride on the intermediate transferor after use is 1.152 or less.