Apparatus, systems, and methods relying on non-flashable circuitry for improving security on public or private networks

An apparatus for protecting a database from cyber attacks, comprising:

• an enclosure having a connection;
• a storage medium that is located in the enclosure, the storage medium hosting the database;
• non-flashable circuitry located in the enclosure, wherein the non-flashable circuitry is connectable to a public or private network via the connection and wherein the non-flashable circuitry is configured to:
• receive data packets or frames from the public or private network via the connection;
• determine whether the data packets or frames contain a reading instruction of a known file-sharing protocol and whether the data packets or frames are addressed to the storage medium;
• execute the reading instruction when the data packets or frames contain the reading instruction and the data packets or frames are addressed to the storage medium;
• determine whether the data packets or frames are digitally signed by a source identified by a token stored in the non-flashable circuitry and whether the data packets or frames are addressed to the storage medium;
• execute the instructions contained in the data packets or frames when the data packets or frames are digitally signed, and the data packets or frames are addressed to the storage medium;
• determine whether the data packets or frames contain an instruction of the known file-sharing protocol other than the reading instruction, the data packets or frames are not digitally signed by the source, and the data packets or frames are addressed to the storage medium;
• and
• discard the data packets or frames when the data packets or frames contain the instruction other than the reading instruction, the data packets or frames are not digitally signed by the source, and the data packets or frames are addressed to the storage medium.