Verified quantum random number generation for cryptographic applications

A computing system for generating a private random number from a quantum entropy source, the quantum entropy source generated at least in part using a quantum computing system having one or more qubits, the computing system comprising:

• one or more processors;
• and
• one or more memory devices, the one or more memory devices storing computer-readable instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to perform operations, the operations comprising:
• providing data indicative of a quantum circuit used to perform a quantum operation in the quantum computing system to generate the quantum entropy source, the quantum circuit comprising one or more quantum gates;
• obtaining the quantum entropy source from the quantum computing system, the quantum entropy source comprising a plurality of output samples of the quantum computing system after implementation of the quantum circuit;
• providing data indicative of the quantum circuit used to perform the quantum operation to generate the quantum entropy source to a verification computing system without providing access to data associated with the private random number, the verification computing system being distinct from the computing system for generating a private random number;
• obtaining data associated with one or more simulations of the quantum circuit from the verification computing system;
• and
• performing a verification process for the private random number based at least in part on the data associated with the one or more simulations, the verification process determining the use of the quantum computing system in generation of the quantum entropy source.

A method for generating a quantum entropy source for random number generation using a quantum computing system, the quantum computing system comprising one or more qubits, the method comprising:

• obtaining, by one or more computing devices, data indicative of an entropy requirement for the quantum entropy source;
• determining, by the one or more computing devices, a number of output samples to be measured of the one or more qubits after implementing a quantum circuit in the quantum computing system based at least in part on the data indicative of the entropy requirement, the quantum circuit comprising one or more quantum gates;
• obtaining, by the one or more computing devices, a plurality of measurements of the one or more qubits after implementing the quantum circuit based on the number of output samples;
• and
• providing, by the one or more computing devices, the plurality of measurements as output samples for the quantum entropy source to be used in random number generation;
• wherein the entropy requirement comprises a min-entropy requirement;
• and
• wherein the number of output samples is determined based on the min-entropy requirement, a fidelity associated with the quantum circuits, and a number of qubits in the quantum computing system.