A method for suppressing an electrical surge induced by a transient electromagnetic energy disturbance, comprising one of an electromagnetic pulse (EMP) generated by a high-altitude nuclear weapon detonation (HEMP), Intentional Electromagnetic Interference (IEMI) generated by directed energy electromagnetic warfare weapons, naturally occurring events comprising lightning strikes, Coronal mass ejection (CME), and Geomagnetic disturbance (GMD), from reaching electrical and electronic devices connected to an alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) electrical power network (EPN), the method comprising:
- responding to an overvoltage exceeding a predetermined threshold level T1 induced by an electromagnetic pulse in the electrical power network (EPN) providing power to connected electrical and electronic devices associated with the EPN by an embedded surge protection assembly (ESPD) for inline installation;
- the ESPD for inline installation responding instantaneously to the overvoltage comprises limiting, absorbing, switching, and shunting the overvoltage after the overvoltage exceeds the predetermined threshold level T1 to limit a level of the overvoltage to a magnitude of the predetermined threshold level T1 using a primary transient surge suppressing assembly comprising at least one of transient voltage suppressors (TVSs), metal oxide varistors (MOVs), gas discharge tubes (GDTs), glass GDTs, avalanche transistors (ATs), spark gap protectors (SPG) and thyristor surge suppressors (TSS), other solid state (SS) and nonlinear components and circuits (NLCCs) based on semiconductors, compound semiconductors and metamaterials, and electro-mechanical, electrical, and ionization discharge devices (IDDs);
- responding to an overvoltage exceeding a predetermined threshold level T2, lower than the predetermined threshold level T1, induced by a sequential or enduring in time component of the electromagnetic pulse in the EPN, connected to the electrical and electronic devices associated with the EPN;
- the ESPD for inline installation responding to lower level overvoltage at threshold T2, including overcurrent protection and decoupling, limiting, absorbing, switching, and shunting the lower overvoltage to limit a level of the lower overvoltage to magnitude of the predetermined threshold level T2, using a secondary transient surge suppressing assembly comprising at least one of TVSs, polymeric positive temperature coefficient thermistors (PPTCs), negative temperature coefficient thermistors (NTCs), MOVs, GDTs, GGDTs, Ats, other SS and NLCCs based on semiconductors, compound semiconductors and metamaterials, and electro-mechanical, electrical, and IDDs;
- responding to a continuing overvoltage exceeding a predetermined threshold level T3 and a predetermined time duration D, the overvoltage being induced by a sequential or enduring in time component of the electromagnetic pulse in the EPN connected to the electrical and electronic devices associated with the EPN;
- and
- the ESPD for inline installation responding to overvoltage at threshold T3, including limiting, absorbing, switching, and shunting the overvoltage to limit the overvoltage magnitude to the predetermined threshold level T3, lower or equal to the predetermined threshold level T2, and disconnecting electrical loads after time duration exceeding the predetermined time duration D, using a tertiary transient surge suppressing assembly comprising at least one of TVSs, MOVs, GDTs, GGDTs, ATs, other NLCCs, thyristor surge suppressors (TSS), solid state relay (SSR) and SS switches based on semiconductors, compound semiconductors and metamaterials, and electro-mechanical, electrical, and IDDs, wherein
- electrically connected primary, secondary, and tertiary transient surge suppressing assemblies (TSSAs) are in series with a current limiting fuse to form an embedded hybrid transient suppression device (EHTSD) to provide transient voltage surge and overcurrent protection to the EPN, associated power source, electrical and electronic loads with an inline insertion connection such that the EHTSD is properly scaled to the EPN source, transmission line, and load characteristic specifications and the EHTSD for inline insertion connection with the primary, secondary, and tertiary transient surge suppressing assemblies in series with the current limiting fuse, have mutually scaled current capacity, respectively, and limit mutual operational degradation when limiting, absorbing, switching, and shunting, respectively.