White glass-ceramic substrates and articles including tetragonal zirconia crystalline phase, and method of manufacturing the same

A method of manufacturing a glass-ceramic article comprising:

• (a) maintaining a precursor glass in an environment for a first time period of 1.75 to 4.25 hours while the environment has a first temperature of 590° C. to 820° C., the precursor glass having a composition comprising, on an oxide basis:
• 55-75 mol % SiO2;
• 0.2-10 mol % Al2O3;
• 0-5 mol % B2O3;
• 15-30 mol % Li2O;
• 0-2 mol % Na2O;
• 0-2 mol % K2O;
• 0-5 mol % MgO;
• 0-2 mol % ZnO;
• 0.2-3.0 mol % P2O5;
• 0.1-10 mol % ZrO2;
• 0-4 mol % TiO2;
• and
• 0-1.0 mol % SnO2;
• (b) maintaining the precursor glass in the environment for a second time period of 0.75 hour to 4.25 hours while the environment has a second temperature of 850° C. to 925° C., forming a glass-ceramic substrate, wherein (i) lithium disilicate and (ii) either β-spodumene or β-quartz are the two predominant crystalline phases by weight percentage of the glass-ceramic substrate, and wherein tetragonal ZrO2 is a crystalline phase of the glass-ceramic substrate;
• and
• (c) subjecting the glass-ceramic substrate to an ion-exchange treatment in a molten salt bath that comprises a salt of one or more of ionic Na, K, and Ag, forming a glass-ceramic article.