Auto-powered synthetic skin

A biosensor capable of self-power, the biosensor comprising:

• a microfluidics layer;
• a multimodal sensing layer comprising an electrode and a biofuel cell;
• and
• a logic circuit comprising a processor and a non-transitory memory with computer executable instructions embedded thereon;
• wherein the microfluidics layer comprises multiple microchannels transversely oriented to obtain a biological sample, the biological sample comprising a target molecule and an energy molecule;
• the multimodal sensing layer is fluidically coupled to the microfluidics layer to receive the biological sample from the microchannels;
• the electrode configured to detect a measurement of an electrical property corresponding to a target molecule present in the biological sample;
• the biofuel cell comprises a lactate oxidase immobilized anode and a Pt-alloy cathode and is configured to harvest energy from the energy molecule present in the biological sample to power the biosensor;
• wherein the lactate oxidase immobilized anode comprises hierarchical Ni microstructures (h-Ni), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) films, and bimediator modified carbon nanotubes (CNTs);
• and
• the logic circuit is electrically coupled to the electrode and the computer executable instructions cause the processor to identify the electrical property detected with the electrode when the target molecule is present in the biological sample.