Receiver for verification using entangled photons

A receiver comprising:

• a) a first device having input that receives a plurality of first photons and that is configured to measure both a time of arrival and a corresponding first or second state value of the plurality of first photons, and configured to generate at an output an ordered list of the measured times of arrival of the plurality of first photons;
• b) a second device having input that receives a plurality of second photons, wherein respective ones of the plurality of first photons are entangled with respective ones of the plurality of second photons in a first basis, which is time, and entangled in a second basis, the second device being configured to measure both a time of arrival and a corresponding first or second state value of the plurality of second photons, and configured to generate at an output an ordered list of the measured times of arrival of the plurality of second photons;
• and
• c) a processor connected to the output of the first device and the output of the second device and configured to receive the ordered list of the measured times of arrival of the plurality of first photons and the ordered list of the measured times of arrival of the plurality of second photons, the processor further configured to determine time-of-arrival matches between the ordered list of the measured times of arrival of the plurality of first photons and the ordered list of the measured times of arrival of the plurality of second photons, further configured to determine first or second state values that correspond to the time-of-arrival matches, and further configured to generate a verification code with at least some of the determined first or second state values that correspond to the time-of-arrival matches and further configured to attach the verification code to data as a unique identifier for the data.

A method of transmitting verified data, the method comprising:

• a) measuring a time of arrival and a corresponding first or second state value of a plurality of first photons and a plurality of second photons, where respective ones of the plurality of first photons are entangled with respective ones of a plurality of second photons in a first basis, which is time, and entangled in a second basis;
• b) generating a first and a second ordered list of the measured times of arrival of the plurality of respective first and second photons;
• c) determining time-of-arrival matches between the first ordered list and the second ordered list;
• d) determining first or second state values that correspond to the determined time-of-arrival matches between the first ordered list and the second ordered list;
• e) generating a verification code using some of the determined first or second state values that correspond to the determined time-of-arrival matches;
• f) attaching the verification code to data as a unique identifier for the data;
• g) transmitting the data with the verification code attached over a classical channel;
• and
• h) verifying the data using the unique identifier.