Intumescent battery pad

A battery comprising:

• at least two battery cells;
• and
• an intumescent battery pad located in between the at least two battery cells;
• wherein the intumescent battery pad comprises a polyurethane foam and an intumescent material;
• wherein the polyurethane foam has a compression force deflection of 5 to 1,035 kilopascal at 25% deflection determined in accordance with ASTM D3574-17;
• and wherein the intumescent material comprises an acid source, a carbon source, and a blowing agent;
• wherein the intumescent battery pad has a UL-V0 rating at a thickness of 1 millimeter, and
• wherein the intumescent material is present as a coating layer having a thickness of 25 to 250 micrometers on at least an exterior surface of the foam.