Contact elements for acoustic excitation

A system comprising:

• an acoustic exciter configured for triggering acoustic excitation of at least part of a substrate, the acoustic exciter including a circumferential band around a rotating element;
• a sensor configured to receive an acoustic response of the acoustic excitation;
• and
• circuitry configured to determine at least one characteristic of the substrate using the acoustic response,
• the system being configured to be attached to a vehicle for traversing the substrate with the acoustic exciter,
• the acoustic exciter including a contact element configured for triggering the acoustic excitation, the contact element being coupled to the circumferential band and extending from at least one side of the rotating element.

An apparatus comprising:

• at least one rotating element;
• and
• at least one circumferential band positioned around a periphery of the at least one rotating element;
• a plurality of acoustic exciters extending from the at least one circumferential band, the at least one rotating element configures the plurality of acoustic exciters for triggering acoustic excitation of at least part of a substrate,
• the at least one rotating element configured to be attached to a vehicle for traversing the substrate with the plurality of acoustic exciters,
• the at least one rotating element including a peripheral surface that has an approximately circular cross section, and the at least one circumferential band being positioned around the peripheral surface;
• and
• cross ties traversing the peripheral surface, the plurality of acoustic exciters being coupled to the cross ties.

A system comprising:

• an acoustic exciter configured for triggering acoustic excitation of at least part of a substrate, the acoustic exciter including a circumferential band around a rotating element;
• a sensor configured to receive an acoustic response of the acoustic excitation;
• and
• circuitry configured to determine at least one characteristic of the substrate using the acoustic response,
• the system being configured to be attached to a vehicle for traversing the substrate with the acoustic exciter,
• the circumferential band being around a sidewall of the rotating element.

A system comprising:

• an acoustic exciter configured for triggering acoustic excitation of at least part of a substrate, the acoustic exciter including a circumferential band and configured to extend radially from a rotating element when the rotating element is rotated;
• a sensor configured to receive an acoustic response of the acoustic excitation;
• and
• circuitry configured to determine at least one characteristic of the substrate using the acoustic response,
• the system configured to traverse the substrate with the acoustic exciter,
• the circumferential band being around a sidewall of the rotating element.